plugins/config/my_plugin.yaml

OpenClaw 是一个功能强大的智能体（Agent）开发框架，支持插件扩展以增强其能力，以下是关于如何扩展 OpenClaw 插件的详细指南：

插件体系结构

OpenClaw 采用模块化插件设计，主要包含：

核心组件

- 插件管理器 (PluginManager)
- 插件基类 (BasePlugin)
- 插件注册器 (PluginRegistry)
- 插件配置系统

插件类型

• 工具插件：提供具体的功能工具
• 知识库插件：提供外部知识接入
• 通信插件：处理消息传输
• 存储插件：数据持久化
• 分析插件：数据分析和可视化

创建自定义插件

基本插件模板

from openclaw.core.plugins import BasePlugin
from openclaw.core.decorators import plugin_register
@plugin_register(name="my_plugin", category="tools")
class MyPlugin(BasePlugin):
    """自定义插件示例"""
    def __init__(self, config=None):
        super().__init__(config)
        self.name = "my_plugin"
        self.version = "1.0.0"
        self.description = "自定义插件示例"
    async def initialize(self):
        """初始化插件"""
        await super().initialize()
        # 初始化逻辑
        self.logger.info(f"插件 {self.name} 初始化完成")
    async def execute(self, **kwargs):
        """执行插件主逻辑"""
        # 业务逻辑实现
        result = await self._process_data(kwargs.get("data"))
        return result
    async def _process_data(self, data):
        """私有处理方法"""
        # 处理逻辑
        return {"processed": data}
    async def cleanup(self):
        """清理资源"""
        await super().cleanup()

工具插件示例

@plugin_register(name="calculator", category="tools")
class CalculatorPlugin(BasePlugin):
    """计算器插件"""
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.supported_operations = ["add", "subtract", "multiply", "divide"]
    async def execute(self, operation: str, a: float, b: float):
        """执行计算"""
        if operation == "add":
            return a + b
        elif operation == "subtract":
            return a - b
        elif operation == "multiply":
            return a * b
        elif operation == "divide":
            if b == 0:
                raise ValueError("除数不能为零")
            return a / b
        else:
            raise ValueError(f"不支持的操作: {operation}")

插件配置

配置文件

  enabled: true
  priority: 100
  settings:
    api_key: "your_api_key"
    endpoint: "https://api.example.com"
    timeout: 30
  dependencies:
    - database_plugin
    - cache_plugin

动态配置

from openclaw.core.config import ConfigManager
# 加载插件配置
config = ConfigManager.load_plugin_config("my_plugin")
# 动态更新配置
ConfigManager.update_plugin_config(
    plugin_name="my_plugin",
    config={"settings": {"timeout": 60}}
)

插件管理

插件加载

from openclaw.core.plugin_manager import PluginManager
# 自动发现并加载插件
plugin_manager = PluginManager()
plugin_manager.discover_plugins()
# 手动加载插件
plugin_manager.load_plugin("my_plugin")
# 批量加载
plugins = plugin_manager.load_plugins_from_dir("./custom_plugins/")

插件生命周期管理

# 初始化所有插件
await plugin_manager.initialize_all()
# 获取插件实例
plugin = plugin_manager.get_plugin("calculator")
# 执行插件
result = await plugin.execute(operation="add", a=5, b=3)
# 卸载插件
plugin_manager.unload_plugin("my_plugin")

高级插件特性

插件钩子（Hooks）

class AdvancedPlugin(BasePlugin):
    @hook("before_execute")
    async def pre_process(self, context):
        """执行前钩子"""
        context["timestamp"] = datetime.now()
        return context
    @hook("after_execute")
    async def post_process(self, result, context):
        """执行后钩子"""
        result["processing_time"] = datetime.now() - context["timestamp"]
        return result
    @hook("error_handler")
    async def handle_error(self, error, context):
        """错误处理钩子"""
        self.logger.error(f"插件执行错误: {error}")
        return {"error": str(error), "context": context}

插件间通信

class CommunicationPlugin(BasePlugin):
    async def execute(self, message):
        """与其他插件通信"""
        # 事件发布
        await self.event_bus.publish(
            "data_processed",
            {"plugin": self.name, "data": message}
        )
        # 服务调用
        db_plugin = self.get_plugin("database_plugin")
        if db_plugin:
            result = await db_plugin.query("SELECT * FROM table")
            return result
        # 消息队列
        await self.message_queue.send(
            queue="processing_queue",
            message=message
        )

异步支持

@plugin_register(name="async_plugin", category="io")
class AsyncIOPlugin(BasePlugin):
    async def fetch_data(self, url):
        """异步获取数据"""
        async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
            async with session.get(url) as response:
                return await response.json()
    async def process_batch(self, items):
        """批量异步处理"""
        tasks = [self._process_item(item) for item in items]
        results = await asyncio.gather(*tasks, return_exceptions=True)
        return results

插件测试

单元测试

import pytest
from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock
class TestMyPlugin:
    @pytest.fixture
    def plugin(self):
        return MyPlugin()
    @pytest.mark.asyncio
    async def test_plugin_initialization(self, plugin):
        """测试插件初始化"""
        await plugin.initialize()
        assert plugin.initialized is True
    @pytest.mark.asyncio
    async def test_plugin_execution(self, plugin):
        """测试插件执行"""
        result = await plugin.execute(data="test")
        assert result["processed"] == "test"

集成测试

@pytest.mark.integration
class TestPluginIntegration:
    @pytest.mark.asyncio
    async def test_plugin_interaction(self):
        """测试插件间交互"""
        plugin_manager = PluginManager()
        await plugin_manager.initialize_all()
        plugin_a = plugin_manager.get_plugin("plugin_a")
        plugin_b = plugin_manager.get_plugin("plugin_b")
        result = await plugin_a.execute(data={"target": "plugin_b"})
        assert "processed_by_b" in result

最佳实践

插件设计原则

• 单一职责：每个插件只做一件事
• 松耦合：减少插件间的直接依赖
• 配置驱动：通过配置控制插件行为
• 错误隔离：插件错误不应影响系统稳定性

性能优化

class OptimizedPlugin(BasePlugin):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self._cache = {}  # 内部缓存
    async def execute(self, key):
        # 缓存优化
        if key in self._cache:
            return self._cache[key]
        result = await self._expensive_operation(key)
        self._cache[key] = result
        return result
    async def _expensive_operation(self, key):
        # 耗时操作
        await asyncio.sleep(1)
        return f"processed_{key}"

安全考虑

• 插件权限控制
• 输入验证和清理
• API密钥管理
• 防止代码注入

发布插件

插件打包

# 目录结构
my_plugin/
├── __init__.py
├── plugin.py
├── config.yaml
├── requirements.txt
└── README.md
# 打包为 wheel
python setup.py bdist_wheel

发布到仓库

# setup.py 配置
from setuptools import setup, find_packages
setup(
    name="openclaw-my-plugin",
    version="1.0.0",
    packages=find_packages(),
    entry_points={
        'openclaw.plugins': [
            'my_plugin = my_plugin.plugin:MyPlugin'
        ]
    },
    install_requires=[
        'openclaw-core>=1.0.0',
    ],
)

通过以上扩展方式,你可以为 OpenClaw 创建各种功能强大的插件，满足不同的业务需求，建议从简单插件开始，逐步实现复杂功能。